Questões de Interpretação de texto em inglês da Famerp

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Of every 1,000 children born in Kenya, a country in East Africa, 32 don’t make it to their first birthdays. Study after study has explored how to improve those impressive numbers, in Kenya and elsewhere. But a decade-long study on alleviating poverty found a simple solution. Giving $1,000 to poor families lowered infant mortality rates by nearly half, and deaths in children under 5 by 45 percent. Those are much bigger drops than have been credited to routine immunizations, for example, or bed nets to prevent malaria.

“This is easily the biggest impact on child survival that I’ve seen from an intervention that was designed to alleviate poverty,” said Harsha Thirumurthy, an economist at the University of Pennsylvania who was not involved in the work. The decline in infant mortality is a “showstopping result,” he said.

The outcomes suggest that delivering even smaller amounts of money to families — especially those that live near a hospital — immediately before or after the birth of a child might allow women to seek medical care and drastically improve their children’s chances of survival. More than 100 low- and middle-income countries have explored so-called cash transfers, especially after the pandemic began. Generally, the experiments have found that giving money to poor families improves school attendance, nutrition and use of health services.

(Apoorva Mandavilli. www.nytimes.com, 18.08.2025. Adaptado.)

No trecho do segundo parágrafo “The decline in infant mortality is a ‘showstopping result,’ he said”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de sentido para o texto, por:

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When Tinder (a mobile dating app) was launched on college campuses in America in 2012, it quickly became a hit. Although online dating had been around since Match.com, a website for lonely hearts, launched in 1995, it had long struggled to shed¹ an image of desperation. But Tinder, by letting users sift through photos of countless potential dates with a simple swipe, made it easy and fun.

Soon Tinder and its rivals had transformed dating. A report found that 30% of American adults had used an online dating service, including more than half of those aged between 18 and 29. One in five couples of that age had met through such a service. Usage surged during the pandemic, as lonely locked-down singles searched for partners. The market capitalisation of Bumble, a rival to Tinder, surged to $13 billion on its first day of trading² in February 2021. Later that year the value of Match Group, which owns Tinder, Hinge and scores of other dating services, reached nearly $50 billion.

Today roughly 350 million people around the world have a dating app on their phone, up from 250 million in 2018, according to a research firm. In June 2024 Tokyo’s government even said it would launch a matchmaking app of its own to pair up singles in the city. Yet lately online dating has lost its spark. The apps were downloaded 237 million times globally in 2023, down from 287 million in 2020. According to a research firm, the number of people who use them at least once a month has dwindled from 154 million in 2021 to 137 million in the second quarter of 2024.

(www.economist.com, 08.08.2024. Adaptado.)

¹ to shed: to get rid of something that is no longer wanted.
² trading: the activity of buying and selling things.

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But Tinder, by letting users sift through photos of countless potential dates with a simple swipe, made it easy and fun”, o termo sublinhado é empregado com o mesmo sentido do termo sublinhado em:

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Giordano Cipriani / Getty Images

Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.

These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.

Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.

(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, o aquífero localizado no Quênia

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Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic beverages rose by 4%.

Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain. Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost 41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa, Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to $400 a month.

As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was impacting their love life.

“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a 25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50 to $100.”

Those still in the dating game have both love and money on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.

“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result, people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.

(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)

De acordo com o quarto parágrafo, no outono de 2020, Seth Rosenberg

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(https://blog.standardprocess.com. Adaptado.)

As informações apresentadas pelo infográfico constituem uma representação visual de

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Female historical figures who were happy with their choices

Greta Garbo

In the 1932 film “Grand Hotel,” Garbo’s character famously proclaimed, “I want to be alone,” a quote that was affiliated with her for the rest of her life. She did have several relationships, including a long on-and-off with her frequent co-star John Gilbert. He once proposed to her, but she said no. “I was in love with him, but I froze,” she later told New York magazine. “I was afraid he would tell me what to do and boss me. I always wanted to be the boss.”

Coco Chanel

The iconic designer had many, many love affairs and several significant relationships, but she never married. She was once quoted as saying, “I never wanted to weigh more heavily on a man than a bird.” Less great: the evidence that she worked as a Nazi spy during the Second World War.

Mary Cassatt

Cassatt had a lot of familial love, as she’s maybe best known for her paintings that clearly but unsentimentally depicted the bonds between parents and children. But that love came from her relationships with her nieces and nephews, as she chose not to marry and didn’t have kids herself. The Impressionist painter enjoyed the freedoms that feminism had given women of her privileged stature by the turn of the 20th century — among them the right to an independent life. She was highly educated and well-travelled, and spoke out about the importance of female suffrage.

Louisa May Alcott

Like Jo in her best-known book “Little Women,” Alcott was independent and concerned with advancing women’s place in the world. But unlike Jo, she never married. “I’d rather be a free spinster and paddle my own canoe,” she wrote in her journal.

(Maija Kappler. www.huffingtonpost.ca, 28.02.2020. Adaptado.)

O trecho sobre Coco Chanel “She was once quoted as saying” pode ser entendido como